There aren't any Pokeballs as good as a Master Ball, but there are Pokeballs that do better under certain conditions.

Diveball ~ Higher chance of catching Pokemon if it is from the water. *From Fishing Rods and surf*

Dusk Ball ~ Has a better chance of catching Pokemon while at night.

Great Ball ~ Has a better chance of catching a Pokemon than a Pokeball. It can be used at any time and the chance of getting Pokemon won't change.

Heal Ball ~ (Capture rate may be the same as a Pokeball) It heals the Pokemon when it is captured.

Luxury Ball ~ Capture Rate is the same as a Pokeball. It raises the Happiness Stat of a Pokemon upon being captured.

Master Ball ~ Captures Wild Pokemon automatically.

Nest Ball ~ Likely to capture Pokemon with lower levels easily.

Net Ball ~ Has a higher chance of capturing Bug and Water Type Pokemon.

Premier Ball ~ Has a normal chance of capturing a Pokeball

Quick Ball ~ Has a higher chance of capturing Pokemon, the earlier you use this ball.

Repeat Ball ~ Has a higher chance of capturing the Pokemon if you've caught one of its same kind already.

Timer Ball ~ If you use this in the later turns of your battle, the likelier you'll catch the Pokemon with this.

Ultra Ball ~ Has an even higher chance of capturing a Pokemon than a Great Ball

~Credit for information goes to Seribii.net~